Description
Pistachio is a cross pollinated and dicotyledonous plant with a genome size of about 600 million bp and high heterozygosity. Therefore, in plant propagation by seeds due to the diversity of different alleles of genes, a lot of heterogeneity has been created and two identical seedlings can almost never be found. Clonal propagation of some rootstocks has been developed by tissue culture in order to produce identical seedlings and the possibility of selecting and propagating superior clones of superior rootstocks. Micro propagation of pistachios was reported for the first time in the early 1990s using tissue culture techniques, and since then various methods and instructions have been presented for optimization.
Since most pistachio rootstocks in pistachio growing areas of Iran have been established from seeds and the heterogeneity of rootstocks causes differences in quantitative and qualitative characteristics of trees and cultivars and also it is not possible to propagate superior rootstocks from seeds, so rootstock propagation by tissue culture and also the study of compatibility between scions and rootstocks are among the research priorities of pistachio research centers in the country.
Plant tissue culture technology is widely used for plant propagation. This commercial technology is based on micropropagation in which rapid plant propagation is achieved by small stem cuttings, axial buds, and to a lesser extent by somatic embryos.
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